上班时间很少有机会搞这些东西,基本上都是下班在家里搞,不过在公司写写文挡还是可以的。调试uClinux也是断断续续进行的。以前根本没接触过linux,搞起来可真是头都要大了。虽说到最后调通比前面耗时少很多,主要原因是网上很多参考资料。但个人感觉这部分难度要更大一些。 接着前面的说吧,编译出一个uClinux的内核出来,就必须在linux环境下,windows下是编译不了的(如果可行的话,我很愿意那样做)。一阵迷惑,根本没有方向,从何下手。后来在44B0 QQ群里有人指点使用vmware + FC4。Vmware是一款虚拟平台软件,它支持在windows系统中运行linux,就好象cygwin一样,大家都说cygwin很复杂,不是很好用,我也不想去试了。FC4是Fedora Core 4的缩写,是Red Hat Linux平台的一个版本。 到网上下载vmware5,然后在windows下直接安装就可以了。安装后运行vmware,进行FC4的安装,这部分挺简单的,关于这方面的细节可以到网上查一下。注意一点,linux的空间尽量多分一点儿,最好不要小于8G。 到网上下载这三个文件: arm-elf-tools-20030314.sh uClinux-dist-20040408.tar.gz uClinux-20040408-ARMSYS.rar 参考下载地址: http://www.uclinux.org/pub/uClinux/m68k-elf-tools/arm-elf-tools-20030314.sh http://www.uclinux.org/pub/uClinux/dist/uClinux-dist-20040408.tar.gz http://www.hzlitai.com.cn/download/uClinux-20040408-ARMSYS.rar 放到同一个文件夹中,例如:uClinux Share 然后就可以在windows上通过vmware启动FC4了,注意,启动之前修改一下linux光盘指向的内容,将光盘设置到VMware/VMware Workstation/linux.iso,这里放的是vmware-tools。然后启动就可以了。一下子就进入到了linux的世界。我以前从没玩过linux,但感觉linux还是很不错的。接下来就是安装vmware-tools,我们用这个工具主要是用于window系统和linux系统文件共享。 让虚拟机运行于窗口状态,不要全屏,按ctrl+alt让鼠标释放出来。在vmware的菜单栏上选择“虚拟机”/"安装虚拟机工具“。然后切换到客户操作系统,即linux。 双击linux的光盘图标进入linux的虚拟光盘,可以看到两个文件,一个是压缩包,一个是rmp包。右键点击rmp包,“用install Packages打开“。(如果不能正常打开虚拟光盘,可以从linux的终端里运行mount /media/cdrom)上述操作完成后,进入/usr/bin目录,查找vmware-config-tools.pl.(ls /usr/bin/*.pl).找到后,运行它。即(./vmware-config-tools.pl)注意,斜杠前有一个点。一路回车即可完成安装。 完成后,我们就可以在/mnt/hgfs中,看到我们刚才在vmware里设置的windows共享文件夹“uClinux Share”。接下来就是搭建uClinux交叉编译环境。 首先,我们安装arm-elf-tools。将arm-elf-tools-20030314.sh拷贝到根目录,运行安装:sh arm-elf-tools-20030314.sh #ls /usr/local/bin 可以看到arm-elf-gcc已经安装ok. 然后,安装uClinux-dist内核。将uClinux-dist-20040408.tar.gz拷贝到/usr/local/bin 解压 uClinux-dist-20040408.tar.gz 文件到 uClinux-dist 目录: tar xvzf uClinux-dist-20040408.tar.gz 此时当前工作目录下增加了一个名为 uClinux-dist 的目录。 接着,我们安装patch。将/usr/local/bin/uClinux-dist/vector/Samsung/4510B文件夹重命名成/usr/local/bin/uClinux-dist/vector/Samsung/44B0,将uClinux-20040408-ARMSYS.rar拷贝到uClinux-dist目录下,运行: tar xvzf uClinux-ARMSYS-20040801.tar.gz 解压补丁包后,生成patch文件uClinux-20040408-ARMSYS.patch。然后,安装patch文件: patch –p1 < uClinux-20040408-ARMSYS.patch 安装过程中可能会出现一些错误信息,可以手动地按照patch文件的内容在指定的文件处进行修改一下。主要修改对象是uClinux-dist/vector/Samsung/44b0文件夹中的两个文件:Makefile 和 rc。提醒大家注意这两个文件。(建议修改这两个文件之前,进行一次编译) 补丁打好后,我们还要做一些修改: 手动修改uClinux-dist/Makefile 在TFTPDIR = /tftpboot后加上: LINUXTARGET=bzImage 否则make 不过。 在make image 时,cp命令,报找不到 $(ROOTDIR)/$(LINUXDIR)/arch/armnommu/root/zImage文件。不能生成image.rom文件。 make menuconfig make dep make clean make lib_only make user_only make romfs make image make 生成image.rom后,通过共享文件夹uClinux Share 将image.rom传递到windows系统下。然后,切换到windows系统,将image.rom通过网线下载(我板子已经修好了)到ram,然后烧录到flash的0x100000位置,运行uclinux 没有反应。 错误在哪里呢?后来在立宇泰的论坛里找到了三个配置文件,(config_main/config_kernel/config_user)这三个文件都是make menuconfig时候用的。重新运行 make menuconfig 进入配置主界面。选中Customize Kernel Settings 和 user config setting(就是第二和第三项,具体记不清了)。退出保存,然后进入Customize Kernel Settings,选LOAD,输入文件所在路径。(例如:/mnt/hgfs/uClinux/config/config_kernel)注意,LOAD完成,此处去掉了USB选项。 保存,退出。 进入user config setting,同样方法LOAD config_user。保存,退出。然后, make dep make clean make lib_only make user_only make romfs make image make 得到image.ram 和image.rom.。 将两个文件共享到windows下,用上面的方法,程序运行如下: />uclinux Uncompressing Linux........................................................ done, booting the kernel. Linux version 2.4.24-uc0 (root@localhost) (gcc version 2.95.3 20010315 (release)(ColdFire patches - 20010318 from http://fiddes.net/coldfire/)(uClinux XIP and shared lib patches from http://www.snapgear.com/)) #13 Processor: Samsung S3C44B0X revision 0 Architecture: S3C44B0X On node 0 totalpages: 2048 zone(0): 0 pages. zone(1): 2048 pages. zone(2): 0 pages. Kernel command line: root=/dev/rom0 init=/ lnuxrc 然后就停止了。死机。。。。。。 后来发现这里是我的中断向量表出现了问题,中断地址应该指向uClinux运行的地址空间,即0x0c0000xx。修改之后编译得到boot.bin,烧录到FLASH的零地址。然后再次运行uClinux: />uclinux Uncompressing Linux........................................................ done, booting the kernel. Linux version 2.4.24-uc0 (root@localhost) (gcc version 2.95.3 20010315 (release)(ColdFire patches - 20010318 from http://fiddes.net/coldfire/)(uClinux XIP and shared lib patches from http://www.snapgear.com/)) #23 Processor: Samsung S3C44B0X revision 0 Architecture: S3C44B0X On node 0 totalpages: 2048 zone(0): 0 pages. zone(1): 2048 pages. zone(2): 0 pages. Kernel command line: root=/dev/rom0 init=/linuxrc Calibrating delay loop... 31.84 BogoMIPS Memory: 8MB = 8MB total Memory: 6252KB available (1591K code, 170K data, 44K init) Dentry cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 1, 8192 bytes) Inode cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes) Mount cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes) Buffer cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes) Page-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes) POSIX conformance testing by UNIFIX Linux NET4.0 for Linux 2.4 Based upon Swansea University Computer Society NET3.039 Initializing RT netlink socket Starting kswapd ttyS0 at I/O 0x1d00000 (irq = 3) is a S3C44B0 ttyS1 at I/O 0x1d04000 (irq = 2) is a S3C44B0 Blkmem copyright 1998,1999 D. Jeff Dionne Blkmem copyright 1998 Kenneth Albanowski Blkmem 1 disk images: 0: C700000-CEFFFFF [VIRTUAL C700000-CEFFFFF] (RO) RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 1024K size 1024 blocksize NET4: Linux TCP/IP 1.0 for NET4.0 IP Protocols: ICMP, UDP, TCP IP: routing cache hash table of 512 buckets, 4Kbytes TCP: Hash tables configured (established 512 bind 512) Kernel panic: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on 1f:00 然后又DOWN掉了。。。。。。。。。 后来找到了问题,问题出在文件系统romfs。 修改:/uClinux-dist/Linux-2.4.x/Driver/Block/blkmem.c -#ifdef CONFIG_BOARD_SNDS100 +//#ifdef CONFIG_BOARD_SNDS100 extern char romfs_data[]; extern char romfs_data_end[]; -#endif +//#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_BOARD_MBA44 -{0, 0xc700000, -1}, /*{0, 0x100000, -1}*/ +{0, romfs_data, -1}, /*{0, 0x100000, -1}*/ #endif 修改后 make linux make 运行结果: />uclinux Uncompressing Linux........................................................ done, booting the kernel. Linux version 2.4.24-uc0 (root@localhost) (gcc version 2.95.3 20010315 (release)(ColdFire patches - 20010318 from http://fiddes.net/coldfire/)(uClinux XIP and shared lib patches from http://www.snapgear.com/)) #23 Processor: Samsung S3C44B0X revision 0 Architecture: S3C44B0X On node 0 totalpages: 2048 zone(0): 0 pages. zone(1): 2048 pages. zone(2): 0 pages. Kernel command line: root=/dev/rom0 init=/linuxrc Calibrating delay loop... 31.84 BogoMIPS Memory: 8MB = 8MB total Memory: 6252KB available (1591K code, 170K data, 44K init) Dentry cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 1, 8192 bytes) Inode cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes) Mount cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes) Buffer cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes) Page-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes) POSIX conformance testing by UNIFIX Linux NET4.0 for Linux 2.4 Based upon Swansea University Computer Society NET3.039 Initializing RT netlink socket Starting kswapd ttyS0 at I/O 0x1d00000 (irq = 3) is a S3C44B0 ttyS1 at I/O 0x1d04000 (irq = 2) is a S3C44B0 Blkmem copyright 1998,1999 D. Jeff Dionne Blkmem copyright 1998 Kenneth Albanowski Blkmem 1 disk images: 0: C0ECCF0-C1A0CEF [VIRTUAL C0ECCF0-C1A0CEF] (RO) RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 1024K size 1024 blocksize NET4: Linux TCP/IP 1.0 for NET4.0 IP Protocols: ICMP, UDP, TCP IP: routing cache hash table of 512 buckets, 4Kbytes TCP: Hash tables configured (established 512 bind 512) VFS: Mounted root (romfs filesystem) readonly. Freeing init memory: 44Shell invoked to run file: /etc/rc Command: hostname Samsung Command: /bin/expand /etc/ramfs.img /dev/ram0 Command: /bin/expand /etc/ramfs2048.img /dev/ram1 Command: mount -t proc proc /proc Command: mount -t ext2 /dev/ram0 /var Command: mount -t ext2 /dev/ram1 /ramdisk mount failed: No such file or directory Command: chmod 777 /ramdisk /ramdisk: No such file or directory Command: mkdir /var/config Command: mkdir /var/tmp Command: mkdir /var/log Command: mkdir /var/run Command: mkdir /var/lock Command: ifconfig lo 127.0.0.1 Command: route add -net 127.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 lo Command: ifconfig eth0 192.168.168.101 netmask 255.255.255.0 up SIOCSIFADDR: No such device eth0: unknown interface: No such device SIOCSIFNETMASK: No such device eth0: unknown interface: No such device pid 12: failed 65280 Command: cat /etc/motd Welcome to ____ _ _ / __| ||_| _ _| | | | _ ____ _ _ _ _ | | | | | | || | _ /| | | |/ // / | |_| | |__| || | | | | |_| |/ / | ___/____|_||_|_| |_|/____|/_//_/ | | |_| For further information check: http://www.uclinux.org/ Execution Finished, Exiting Sash command shell (version 1.1.1) /> 长出一口气,终于通了。 接着,我想大家都应该期待helloworld吧。下面开始。 cd /usr/local/bin/uClinux-dist/user mkdir myapp 然后,在myapp文件夹里新建两个文件:helloworld.c 和 Makefile helloworld.c文件如下编写: #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> int main(void) { printf(“hello world ! /n”); return 0; } Makefile 文件如下编写:
编辑后,保存两个文件。然后修改uClinux-dist/user/Makefile 文件: dir_$(CONFIG_USER_ZEBRA_RIPD_RIPD) += zebra dir_$(CONFIG_USER_ZEBRA_ZEBRA_ZEBRA) += zebra + dir_$(CONFIG_USER_MYAPP_HELLOWORLD) +=myapp dir_y += games all: config 然后修改uClinux-dist/config/config.in 文件: 在文件最后添加: comment "Debug tools" bool 'tpt' CONFIG_USER_TIMEPEG_TPT comment "Debug libraries" bool 'ccmalloc' CONFIG_LIB_LIBCCMALLOC endmenu ############################################################################# +mainmenu_option next_comment +comment 'My App' +bool 'helloworld' CONFIG_USER_MYAPP_HELLOWORLD +bool 'app1' CONFIG_USER_MYAPP_APP1 + comment 'My App' +endmenu 保存文件修改。 然后运行:make menuconfig 进入Kernel/library/Defaults Setting 空格键选中Custom Vector/User Setting, 保存退出。 程序自动进入Custom Vector/User Setting: 进入My App 空格选中 helloworld, 保存退出。 make user_only make romfs make image make 得到image.rom 和 image.ram. 将image.rom 烧到板子上,运行结果如下: />uclinux Uncompressing Linux......................................................... done, booting the kernel. Linux version 2.4.24-uc0 (root@localhost) (gcc version 2.95.3 20010315 (release)(ColdFire patches - 20010318 from http://fiddes.net/coldfire/)(uClinux XIP and shared lib patches from http://www.snapgear.com/)) #25 Processor: Samsung S3C44B0X revision 0 Architecture: S3C44B0X On node 0 totalpages: 2048 zone(0): 0 pages. zone(1): 2048 pages. zone(2): 0 pages. Kernel command line: root=/dev/rom0 init=/linuxrc Calibrating delay loop... 31.84 BogoMIPS Memory: 8MB = 8MB total Memory: 6228KB available (1618K code, 167K data, 44K init) Dentry cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 1, 8192 bytes) Inode cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes) Mount cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes) Buffer cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes) Page-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes) POSIX conformance testing by UNIFIX Linux NET4.0 for Linux 2.4 Based upon Swansea University Computer Society NET3.039 Initializing RT netlink socket Starting kswapd ttyS0 at I/O 0x1d00000 (irq = 3) is a S3C44B0 ttyS1 at I/O 0x1d04000 (irq = 2) is a S3C44B0 Blkmem copyright 1998,1999 D. Jeff Dionne Blkmem copyright 1998 Kenneth Albanowski Blkmem 1 disk images: 0: C0ECCF0-C1A78EF [VIRTUAL C0ECCF0-C1A78EF] (RO) RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 1024K size 1024 blocksize NET4: Linux TCP/IP 1.0 for NET4.0 IP Protocols: ICMP, UDP, TCP IP: routing cache hash table of 512 buckets, 4Kbytes TCP: Hash tables configured (established 512 bind 512) VFS: Mounted root (romfs filesystem) readonly. Freeing init memory: 44Shell invoked to run file: /etc/rc Command: hostname Samsung Command: /bin/expand /etc/ramfs.img /dev/ram0 Command: /bin/expand /etc/ramfs2048.img /dev/ram1 Command: mount -t proc proc /proc Command: mount -t ext2 /dev/ram0 /var Command: mount -t ext2 /dev/ram1 /ramdisk mount failed: No such file or directory Command: chmod 777 /ramdisk /ramdisk: No such file or directory Command: mkdir /var/config Command: mkdir /var/tmp Command: mkdir /var/log Command: mkdir /var/run Command: mkdir /var/lock Command: ifconfig lo 127.0.0.1 Command: route add -net 127.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 lo Command: ifconfig eth0 192.168.168.101 netmask 255.255.255.0 up SIOCSIFADDR: No such device eth0: unknown interface: No such device SIOCSIFNETMASK: No such device eth0: unknown interface: No such device pid 12: failed 65280 Command: cat /etc/motd Welcome to ____ _ _ / __| ||_| _ _| | | | _ ____ _ _ _ _ | | | | | | || | _ /| | | |/ // / | |_| | |__| || | | | | |_| |/ / | ___/____|_||_|_| |_|/____|/_//_/ | | |_| For further information check: http://www.uclinux.org/ Execution Finished, Exiting Sash command shell (version 1.1.1) /> ls bin dev etc home lib mnt proc sbin tmp usr var /> cd bin /bin> ls arp boa expand helloworld httpd ifconfig inetd init ping portmap route sh snmpd /bin> helloworld hello world ! Robertchain@163.com
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